n Dunlop

SUBJECT AREA: Land transport

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Reared in an agricultural community, Dunlop became a qualified veterinary surgeon and practised successfully in Edinburgh and then in Belfast when he moved there in 1867. In October 1887, Dunlop's 9-year-old son complained of the rough ride he experienced with his tricycle over the cobbled streets of Belfast. Dunlop devised and fitted rubber air tubes, held on to a wooden ring by tacking a linen covering which he fixed around the wheels of the tricycle. A marked improvement in riding quality was noted. After further development, a new tricycle was ordered, with the new airtube wheels. This was so successful that Dunlop applied for a patent on 23 July 1889, granted on 7 December. With tyres made in Edinburgh to his specification, bicycles were manufactured by Edlin \& Co. of Belfast and put on sale complete with pneumatic tyres. The successful performance of a racing bicycle thus equipped inspired an unsuccessful competitor, William Harvey de Cros, who had used a solid-tyred machine, to take an interest in Dunlop's invention. With Dunlop, he refloated a company in Dublin, the Pneumatic Tyre \& Booth's Cycle Agency. Dunlop made over his patents, for the tyre, valves, rims and fixing methods, to Du Cros and took shares in the company. Although he was involved in it for many years, it was Du Cros who steered the company through several struggles to success.

The pneumatic tyre revolutionized cycling and made possible the success of the motor vehicle, although Dunlop did not profit greatly from his invention. After the sale of the company in 1896, to E.T.Hooley for $3 million, he took no further part in the development of the pneumatic tyre. The company went on to become the great Dunlop Rubber Company.

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n <fz> (Fahrradreifen) ■ dunlop valve; Woods valve GB ; English pattern valve JAP

prop Данлоп Дж. (американский сержант, служивший курьером в АН Б в 50-е—60-е годы и продававший секретную информацию об американских шифрах советской разведке).

 

Данлоп Дж.
Американский сержант, служивший курьером в АНБ в 50-е - 60-е годы и продававший секретную информацию об американских шифрах советской разведке.
[http://www.rfcmd.ru/glossword/1.8/index.php?a=index&d=23]

Тематики

• защита информации

EN

• Dunlop

n (DWS) Dunlop <fz> (Reifen) ■ Deflation Warning System (DWS) Dunlop

n Dunlop < prod> (Reifenluftdrucküberwachung) ■ DWS system Dunlop

(n.) = patent rights

Ex. If it were not, Mr Dunlop would not have sold the patent rights in his pneumatic tyre for $1,000 instead of accepting a small royalty on each one manufactured.

* * *

pneumatic.

inner tube of tire, inner tube in tire, pneumatic tire, bladder.

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► adjetivo

1 pneumatic

► nombre masculino neumático

1 tyre (US tire)

► nombre masculino

1 tyre (US tire)

* * *

* * *

ADJ [martillo, bomba] pneumatic; [freno] air antes de s, pneumatic

SM [de rueda] tyre, tire (EEUU)

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- ca adjetivo pneumatic

masculino tire (AmE), tyre (BrE)

* * *

= tyre [tire, -USA], pneumatic tyre.

Ex. Very many SLIS were able to demonstrate a great deal of IT-related re-training endeavour; 're-treading of old tyres' one respondent rather unkindly put it.

Ex. If it were not, Mr Dunlop would not have sold the patent rights in his pneumatic tyre for $1,000 instead of accepting a small royalty on each one manufactured.

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* banda de rodamiento de neumático = tyre tread.

* compresor neumático = air hammer, jack hammer.

* con suela de goma de neumático = tyre-tread soled.

* lancha neumática = dinghy.

* martillo neumático = air hammer, jack hammer.

* neumático, cubierta = tyre [tire, -USA], tyre [tire, -USA].

* neumático recauchutado = retread [re-tread].

* neumático sin cámara = tubeless tyre, tubeless tyre.

* taladrador neumático = air hammer, jack hammer.

* taladro neumático = air hammer, jack hammer.

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- ca adjetivo pneumatic

masculino tire (AmE), tyre (BrE)

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* * *

pneumatic

tire ( AmE), tyre ( BrE)

whitewall tire*

radial tire

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* * *

♦ adj

pneumatic

♦ nm

tyre

* * *

I adj pneumatic

II m AUTO tire, Br

tyre

* * *

neumático, -ca adj

: pneumatic

neumático nm

llanta: tire

* * *

neumático n tyre

SUBJECT AREA: Automotive engineering, Land transport

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He spent his childhood at The Hall in Bradfordon-Avon. He was educated at Marlborough College, and in 1937 was apprenticed to the Sentinel Steam Wagon Company of Shrewsbury. About that same time he went to King's College, Cambridge, where he took the Mechanical Sciences Tripos. It was then wartime, and he did research on aero-engines at the Bristol Aeroplane Company, where he became Personal Assistant to Sir Roy Fedden. He left Bristol's in 1945 to join his family firm, Spencer \& Moulton, of which he eventually became Technical Director and built up the Research Department. In 1948 he invented his first suspension unit, the "Flexitor", in which an inner shaft and an outer shell were separated by an annular rubber body which was bonded to both.

In 1848 his great-grandfather had founded the family firm in an old woollen mill, to manufacture vulcanized rubber products under Charles Goodyear's patent. The firm remained a family business with Spencer's, consultants in railway engineering, until 1956 when it was sold to the Avon Rubber Company. He then formed Moulton Developments to continue his work on vehicle suspensions in the stables attached to The Hall. Sponsored by the British Motor Corporation (BMC) and the Dunlop Rubber Company, he invented a rubber cone spring in 1951 which was later used in the BMC Mini (see Issigonis, Sir Alexander Arnold Constantine): by 1994 over 4 million Minis had been fitted with these springs, made by Dunlop. In 1954 he patented the Hydrolastic suspension system, in which all four wheels were independently sprung with combined rubber springs and damper assembly, the weight being supported by fluid under pressure, and the wheels on each side being interconnected, front to rear. In 1962 he formed Moulton Bicycles Ltd, having designed an improved bicycle system for adult use. The conventional bicycle frame was replaced by a flat-sided oval steel tube F-frame on a novel rubber front and rear suspension, with the wheel size reduced to 41 cm (16 in.) with high-pressure tyres. Raleigh Industries Ltd having refused his offer to produce the Moulton Bicycle under licence, he set up his own factory on his estate, producing 25,000 bicycles between 1963 and 1966. In 1967 he sold out to Raleigh and set up as Bicycle Consultants Ltd while continuing the suspension development of Moulton Developments Ltd. In the 1970s the combined firms employed some forty staff, nearly 50 per cent of whom were graduates.

He won the Queen's Award for Industry in 1967 for technical innovation in Hydrolastic car suspension and the Moulton Bicycle. Since that time he has continued his innovative work on suspensions and the bicycle. In 1983 he introduced the AM bicycle series of very sophisticated space-frame design with suspension and 43 cm (17 in.) wheels; this machine holds the world speed record fully formed at 82 km/h (51 mph). The current Rover 100 and MGF use his Hydragas interconnected suspension. By 1994 over 7 million cars had been fitted with Moulton suspensions. He has won many design awards and prizes, and has been awarded three honorary doctorates of engineering. He is active in engineering and design education.

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<fz> (Reifen) ■ Deflation Warning System (DWS) Dunlop

n <fz> (Dunlop-Ventil) ■ valve hose

SUBJECT AREA: Broadcasting, Electronics and information technology, Telecommunications

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Whilst still in high school, Farnsworth became interested in the possibility of television and conceived many of the basic features of a practicable system of TV broadcast and reception. Following two years of study at the Brigham Young University in Provo, Utah, in 1926 he cofounded the Crocker Research Laboratories in San Francisco, subsequently Farnsworth Television Inc. (1929) and Farnsworth Radio \& Television Corporation, Fort Wayne, Indiana (1938). There he began a lifetime of research, primarily in the field of television. In 1927, with the backing of the Radio Corporation of America (RCA) and the collaboration of Vladimir Zworykin, he demonstrated the first all-electronic television system, based on his early ideas for an image dissector tube, the first electronic equivalent of the Nipkow disc. With this rudimentary sixty-line system he was able to transmit a recognizable dollar sign and file the first of many TV patents. From then on he contributed to a variety of developments in the fields of vacuum tubes, radar and atomic-power generation, with patents on cathode ray tubes, amplifying and pick-up tubes, electron multipliers and photoelectric materials.

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See also: Baird, John Logie; Jenkins, Charles Francis

SUBJECT AREA: Broadcasting, Electronics and information technology, Telecommunications

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After initial education at Trinity College School, Port Hope, Ontario, Fessenden studied at Bishops University, Lennoxville, Quebec. When he graduated in 1885, he became Principal of the Whitney Institute in Bermuda, but he left the following year to go to New York in pursuit of his scientific interests. There he met Edison and eventually became Chief Chemist at the latter's Laboratory in Orange, New Jersey. In 1890 he moved to the Westinghouse Electric and Manufacturing Company, and two years later he returned to an academic career as Professor of Electrical Engineering, initially at Purdue University, Lafayette, Indiana, and then at the Western University of Pennsylvania, where he worked on wireless communication. From 1900 to 1902 he carried out experiments in wireless telegraphy at the US Weather Bureau, filing several patents relating to wire and liquid thermal detectors, or barretters. Following this he set up the National Electric Signalling Company; under his direction, Alexanderson and other engineers at the General Electric Company developed a high-frequency alternator that enabled him to build the first radiotelephony transmitter at Brant Rock, Massachusetts. This made its initial broadcast of speech and music on 24 December 1906, received by ship's wireless operators several hundred miles away. Soon after this the transmitter was successfully used for two-way wireless telegraphy communication with Scotland. Following this landmark event, Fessenden produced numerous inventions, including a radio compass, an acoustic depth-finder and several submarine signalling devices, a turboelectric drive for battleships and, notably, in 1912 the heterodyne principle used in radio receivers to convert signals to a lower (intermediate) frequency.

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See also: INDEX BY SUBJECT AREA

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Abt, Roman

Ackermann, Rudolph

Adams, William Bridges

Albone, Daniel

Allen, Horatio

Aspinall, Sir John Audley Frederick

Austin, Herbert

Baldwin, Matthias William

Behr, Fritz Bernhard

Benz, Karl

Beyer, Charles Frederick

Blenkinsop, John

Booth, Henry

Borsig, Johann Carl Friedrich August

Bousquet, Gaston du

Bramah, Joseph

Brennan, Louis

Brunel, Isambard Kingdom

Bulleid, Oliver Vaughan Snell

Burroughs, Michael

Bury, Edward

Butler, Edward

Caprotti, Arturo

Cardew, Philip

Chapelon, André

Churchward, George Jackson

Cooper, Peter

Crampton, Thomas Russell

Crompton, Rookes Evelyn Bell

Cugnot, Nicolas Joseph

Curr, John

Daft, Leo

Daimler, Gottlieb

Davidson, Robert

Dunlop, John Boyd

Duryea, Charles Edgar

Engerth, Wilhelm

England, George

Fairlie, Robert Francis

Ford, Henry

Forrester, George

Garratt, Herbert William

Gooch, Sir Daniel

Goodyear, Charles

Gregory, Sir Charles Hutton

Gresley, Sir Herbert Nigel

Gurney, Sir Goldsworthy

Hackworth, Timothy

Hamilton, Harold Lee

Hancock, Walter

Hansom, Joseph Aloysius

Haynes, Elwood

Hedley, William

Inoue Masaru

Issigonis, Sir Alexander Arnold Constantine

Ivatt, Henry Alfred

Jervis, John Bloomfield

Johnson, Samuel Waite

Joy, David

Kirtley, Matthew

Knight, John Peake

Krauss, Georg

Laithwaite, Eric Roberts

Lanchester, Frederick William

Lartigue, Charles François Marie-Thérèse

Locke, Joseph

McAdam, John Loudon

Macmillan, Kirkpatrick

MacNeill, Sir John Benjamin

Ma Jun

Mallet, Jules Théodore Anatole

Marcus, Siegfried

Marsh, Sylvester

Metcalf, John

Michaux, Pierre

Morris, William Richard

Moulton, Alexander

Murray, Matthew

Olds, Ransom Eli

Palmer, Henry Robinson

Palmer, John

Pihl, Carl Abraham

Porsche, Ferdinand

Pullman, George Mortimer

Ramsbottom, John

Rastrick, John Urpeth

Riggenbach, Niklaus

Rolls, The Hon. Charles Stewart

Royce, Sir Frederick Henry

Salomans, Sir David Lionel

Sauerbrun, Charles de

Saxby, John

Shaw, Percy

Shillibeer, George

Siemens, Dr Ernst Werner von

Sinclair, Sir Clive Maries

Sperry, Elmer Ambrose

Spooner, Charles Easton

Sprague, Frank Julian

Stanier, Sir William Arthur

Stephenson, George

Stephenson, John

Stephenson, Robert

Stevens, John

Stevenson, Robert

Thompson, Benjamin

Train, George Francis

Trésaguet, Pierre Marie Jerome

Trevithick, Richard

Tyer, Edward

Vauclain, Samuel Matthews

Vignoles, Charles Blacker

Volk, Magnus

Wankel, Felix

Webb, Francis William

Westinghouse, George

Winans, Ross

Wolseley, Frederick York

Woods, Granville

Worsdell, Nathaniel

Worsdell, Thomas William